FENXI《DIANDUWURANWUPAIFANGBIAOZHUN》(GB 21900–2008)HOUFAXIAN，QIZHONGDUOSHUKONGZHIXIANZHIYANYUFADAGUOJIA，GEBIEKONGZHIXIANZHIZAIJISHUSHANGBUKESHIXIANHUOCHAOCHUJIANCEJIXIAN。XIANYOUBIAOZHUNDEBUFENZHIBIAOBUJUBEIJISHUKEXINGXINGHEJINGJIKEXINGXING，TONGSHIYEBUJUBEIKEZHIXING。JIANYIGENJUBUTONGZIRANHUANJINGDEBEIJINGZHI，XIUDINGPAIFANGBIAOZHUN，CUJINDIANDUQIYEXIANGGAOZHILIANGFAZHANZHUANXING。

2017NIAN12YUE，ZHONGYANGJINGJIGONGZUOHUIYIZAIBEIJINGJUXING。HUIYIZHAOKAI："ZHONGGUOTESESHEHUIZHUYIYIJINGJINRULEXINSHIDAI，ZHONGGUODEJINGJIFAZHANYEJINRULEYIGEXINDESHIDAI。JIBENTEZHENGSHIZHONGGUOJINGJICONGKUAISUZENGZHANGDEJIEDUANZHUANBIANWEIGAOZHILIANGFAZHANDEJIEDUAN。"CUJINGAOZHILIANG、"JIAKUAIZHIBIAOTIXIDEXINGCHENG、ZHENGCETIXI、BIAOZHUNTIXI、TONGJITIXI、JIXIAOPINGGU、JIANLIHEWANSHANZHIDUHUANJINGCUJINGAOZHILIANGDEFAZHAN"[1]DEFAZHAN。GAOZHILIANGFAZHANDEBIAOZHUNJIYAOZHUZHONGXIANJINXING，GENGYAOZHUZHONGKEXUEXINGHEKEXINGXING，BIMIANYUSHIJIQINGKUANGTUOJIEDEYAOQIUHUOGUIDING。

ZUOWEIZHIZAOYEDEJICHUGONGYIZHIYI，DIANDUDEGAODUANJISHUHEXIANDAICHANYETIXIDEYIGEZUCHENGBUFEN，HANGKONGHANGTIAN，DIANZITONGXUNJISUANJI，WUQIZHUANGBEI，SHIYOUHUAGONG，ZAOCHUAN，JIXIEJIWUJINGONGJUZAISHIYONGGUANGFAN。ZHEIGEGUOCHENGYOUZHUYUGAISHANFUSHICHANWU，NAIMOXINGHEZHUANGSHIXINGNENG，CONGERXIANZHUZENGJIAFUJIAZHIDEJIANADApcYUCEGUANWANG，TONGCHANGYONGYUZHIBEILEYIXIEZHONGYAODEJIXIEBUJIANHEDIANZIBUJIAN，RUHUOJIANRANSHAOSHI，FEIJIQILUOJIA，QIANGGUAN，GAOMIDUJICHENGDIANLU。YINCI，DIANDUGONGYEZAIWOGUOGUOMINJINGJIFAZHANZHONGDEZHONGYAOZUOYONG。

GAIGEKAIFANGHOU，DALIANGGUOWAICHANGSHANGJINRUZHANGSANJIAO、ZHUSANJIAO、BOHAIWANDENGDIQU，WOGUODIANDUYEFAZHANXUNSU。MUQIAN，WOGUOYICHENGWEIDIANDUDAGUO。DANSHI，DIANDUGUOCHENGZHONGHUIYONGDAODALIANGDESUAN、JIAN、ZHONGJINSHULIZISHENZHIQINGHUAWU，TAMENHUIRONGJIEZAISHUIZHONG。DIANDUFEISHUIZHIJIEPAIFANGHUIZAOCHENGYANZHONGDESHUIWURAN。WEILEJIANSHAODIANDUFEISHUIDUIHUANJINGDEWURAN，SHIJIEGEGUODOUZHIDINGLEDIANDUWURANWUPAIFANGBIAOZHUN。2008NIANBANBUDE《DIANDUWURANWUPAIFANGBIAOZHUN》(gb 21900-2008)DUICUJINHUANJINGBAOHU，YINDAODIANDUXINGYEXIANGHUANJINGYOUHAOFANGXIANGFAZHANQIDAOLEZHONGYAOZUOYONG。

RANER，ZAIGUANCHEZHIXINGGAIBIAOZHUNDEGUOCHENGZHONGFAXIANLEYIXIEBUKEXUEHEKEZHIXINGXINGBUQIANGDEWENTI，BUJINYINGXIANGLEHUANJINGBAOHUZHENGCEDELUOSHI，ERQIEZUAILEGONGYEQIYEDEJIANKANGFAZHANHESHENGJIHUANDAI。SUIZHEKEXUEJISHUDEJINBUHESHENGCHANSHIJIANJINGYANDELEIJI，JISHIXIUDINGZHEIYIBIAOZHUNSHIDANGQIANQUANMIANTISHENGWOGUOHUANJINGBAOHUGONGZUOSHUIPING，TUIDONGDIANDUQIYEXIANGGAOZHILIANGFAZHANDEPOQIEXUYAO。

1《DIANDUWURANWUPAIFANGBIAOZHUN》JIANJIE

GB 21900-2008SHIYONGYUDIANDUQIYE，QIYEYUDIANDUSHESHISHUIWURANWUPAIFANGXIANZHIJIDIANDUDAQIWURANWUZUOLEYUANZEGUIDING。TABUJINLIYONGXIANYOUDIANDUQIYEHEDAQIWURANWUDEGUANLI，HUANJINGYINGXIANGDESHUIWURANWUPAIFANGLIANG，BINGYONGYUDIANDUSHESHIJIANSHEXIANGMUPINGJIA，HUANJINGBAOHUSHESHISHEJI，JUNGONGHUANBAOYANSHOU。

GB21900/2008ZHONGGUIDINGDESHUIWURANWUNONGDUXIANZHISHIYONGYUQIYEDUIHUANJINGSHUITIDEPAIFANGXINGWEI。DANGQIYEJIANGFEISHUIPAIRUWUSHUICHULICHANGDECHENGSHIPAISHUIXITONGSHI，ZONGGE、LIUJIAGE、ZONGNIE、ZONGCd、ZONGYIN、ZONGQIANHEZONGGONGYINGZAIBIAOZHUNZHONGGUIDINGDEJIANCEWEIZHIJINXINGXIANGYINGDEPAIFANGXIANZHI。QITAWURANWUPAIFANGKONGZHIYAOQIUYOUQIYEHECHENGSHIWUSHUICHULICHANGGENJUQIWUSHUICHULINENGLISHANGDINGHUOSHISHI，BINGBAODANGDIHUANBAOBUMENBEIAN。TONGSHI，CHENGSHIWUSHUICHULICHANGYINGQUEBAOWURANWUPAIFANGFUHEXIANGYINGDEPAIFANGBIAOZHUN。

1.1DIANDUSHUIWURANWUPAIFANGKONGZHIYAOQIU

GB 21900-2008GUIDINGLE21XIANGSHUIWURANWUPAIFANGKONGZHIYAOQIU，BAOKUOZONGGE、LIUJIAGE、ZONGNIE、ZONGGE、ZONGYIN、ZONGTONG、ZONGXIN、ZONGQIAN、ZONGGONG、ZONGTIE、ZONGLV、9ZHONGFEIJINSHUWURANWUpH、COD(HUAXUEXUYANGLIANG)、ZONGQINGHUAWU。，ZONGLIN，ZONGDAN。ANDAN、FUHUAWU、XUANFUWU、SHIYOULEI，JIASHANGYONGSHUIKONGZHIXIANZHI。

BIAO1、BIAO2HEBIAO3ZUOWEIGB 21900 2008NIANDEBIAOZHUN，JIANGSHUIWURANWUDEPAIFANGXIANZHIFENWEISANLEI：(I)ZAISHISHIBIAOZHUNZHIRI，BIAO1GUIDINGDEXIANZHIZAI2009NIAN1YUE1RIZHI2010NIAN6YUE30RIQIJIANSHISHI;(2)DUIYUXINQIYE，SHISHIBIAO2GUIDINGDEXIANZHI;(SAN)GENJUHUANJINGBAOHUGONGZUODEYAOQIU，ZAITUDIKAIFAMIDUGAO、HUANJINGCHENGZAILIKAISHIJIANRUO、HUANJINGRONGLIANGXIAO、SHENGTAIHUANJINGCUIRUO、YANZHONGDEHUANJINGWURANWENTIXUYAOTEBIEBAOHUDEDIQUSHISHIBIAOSANGUIDINGDEXIANE。XIANRAN，BIAO1SHIDUILAOQIYEDEGUODUXINGGUIDING，QIDUISHUIWURANWUPAIFANGXIANZHIDEYAOQIUHENDI，BUZAISHIYONG。BIAO2SHIMUQIANSUOYOUQIYEBIXUSHISHIDEBIAOZHUN，BIAO3SHITEDINGDIQUZUIYANGEDEBIAOZHUN，DIANDUSHUIWURANWUPAIFANGDEXIANZHIZUIDI。

1.2DIANDUSHUIZHONGWURANWUJIANCEYAOQIU

GB 21900/2008HAOGUIDING，QIYEPAIFANGFEISHUIDEQUYANG，YINGDANGANZHAOGUIDINGDEWURANWUPAIFANGJIANCEDIDIANJIANCEHESHISHIDEWURANWULEIXINGJINXING。RUGUOYOUFEISHUICHULISHESHI，ZEYINGZAIGAISHESHIZHIHOUDUIQIJINXINGJIANCE。WURANWUPAIFANGJIANCEWEIZHIYINGSHEZHIYONGJIUXINGPAIFANGGANGBIAOZHI。GENJU“WURANYUANZIDONGJIANCEGUANLIBANFA”(GUOJIAHUANJINGBAOHUJUYUANDI28HAOFALING)[2]DEGUIDING，XINJIANDESHESHIYINGDANGANZHUANGWURANWUPAIFANGZIDONGJIANCEKONGZHISHEBEI，BINGYUHUANJINGBAOHUBUMENDEJIANCEZHONGXINLIANJIE，YIBAOZHENGSHEBEIDEZHENGCHANGYUNXING。QIYEWURANWUPAIFANGJIANCEDEPINLVHECAIYANGSHIJIAN，ANZHAOGUOJIAYOUGUANWURANYUANJIANCEJISHUGUIFANZHIXING。GENJUYOUGUANFALVHE“HUANJINGJIANCEGUANLIBANFA”(YUANGUOJIAHUANJINGBAOHUJUDI39HAOFALING)[3]，QIYEYINGJIANCEPAIFANGZHUANGKUANG，BINGBAOLIUYUANSHIJIANCEJILU。CIWAI，GB 21900/2008HAILIECHULEQUEDINGQIYEPAIFANGWURANWUNONGDUDEFANGFA。

ZHUYAODEWENTISHICUNZAIDE2DEDIANLIUBIAOZHUN

2.1DADUOSHUKONGZHIXIANZHIBIFADAGUOJIAGENGYANGE。

CONGBIAO1[4]KEYIKANCHU，ZHONGGUODABUFENJINSHUWURANWUDEKONGZHIFANWEIBIMEIGUO、YINGGUOHEYIDALIDENGFADAGUOJIAYAOYANGEDEDUO。

LIRU，MEIGUOBIAOZHUNNIELIZIFASHEXIANZHISHI3.95HAOKE/ L [5]，BIGBGAODEDUO21900-2008 0.1 mg / LDEYUDINGDE “BIAO2” 0.5HAOKE/SHENG，YIJI “BIAO3” GUIDING。NIEJINSHUWURANWUGEHEQIANDEXIANZHIZHONGGUODE“TEBIEPAIFANG”SHENZHICHAOGUOLESUOYOUFADAGUOJIA。KEYISHUO，ZHONGGUOSHIZUIGAOBIAOZHUNGB 21900-2008SHIJIEJINSHUWURANKONGZHIYIGE。

CIWAI，gb 21900-2008GUIDINGDEGETIDIANDUFEISHUIZHONGJINSHUWURANWUDEKONGZHIXIANZHIBIgb 5749-2006《SHENGHUOYINYONGSHUIWEISHENGBIAOZHUN》GUIDINGDEGENGWEIYANGE。RUDIANDUFEISHUIZHONGZONGTONGDEXIANXINGPAIFANGXIANZHIWEI0.5mg/L，YINYONGSHUIZHONGTONGDEKONGZHIXIANZHIWEI1mg/L，KEJIANgb 21900-2008ZHONGPAIFANGXIANZHIDESHEZHIFEICHANGBUHELI，ZAISHIJIANZHONGNANYISHIXIAN。

YOUYUGUOQINGDEBUTONG，GEGUODUIJINSHUWURANWUDEKONGZHIFANWEICUNZAIHENDACHAYI。RUHEKEXUEDIQUEDINGWURANWUKONGZHIDEJIXIANSHISHOUYAOWENTI。ZHIDEZHUYIDESHI，FADAGUOJIAZUIYANGEDEBIAOZHUNZAIWOGUOBUNENGZHIJIEYONGZUOBIAOZHUN，YINCIRENMENRENSHIDAO，WOMENDEBIAOZHUNSHISHIJIESHANGZUIXIANJINDEBIAOZHUNZHIYI，YINWEIXIANRANQUEFAKEXUEYIJU。KEZHIXINGXINGSHIPINGJIABIAOZHUNDEJUEDINGXINGZHIBIAO。FOUZE，BENBIAOZHUNDEZHIDINGJIANGHAOWUYIYI[6]。

CHAYIDEJISHUKEXINGXINGDE2.2GERENKONGZHIFANWEI

ZHEILIDEJISHUKEXINGXING，SHIZHIZHANGQIWENDINGHEKEKAODEFANGSHILAISHIXIANHEGUIXINGSHI，DAGUIMOGONGYESHENGCHAN(RUCHULISHUBAIDUNMEITIAN，SHENZHIJIQIANDUNDEDUNFEISHUI)，BUJINZAISHIYANSHIJINGMIKONGZHIZAIKEXINGDETIAOJIAN。MUQIAN，YONGYUGONGYEFEISHUICHULIFANGFABAOKUOHUAXUECHENDIAN，LIZIJIAOHUANSHUZHI，FANSHENTOU，WEISHENGWUCHULIDEFANGFADENG。

YIHANNIEFEISHUIWEILI，YANJIULEDIANDUFEISHUICHULIGONGCHENGGUIFAN(HJ2002/2010)ZHONGTUIJIANDEHUAXUECHENDIANFA、LIZIJIAOHUANSHUZHIFA、FANSHENTOUFASANZHONGCHULIFANGFADEJISHUKEXINGXING。

2. 2. 1 HUAXUECHENDIANFA

XIAGB 21900-2008，HANNIEDEFEISHUICHULIFANGFADEHUAXUECHENDIANDADAO0.5HAOKE/SHENGHUO0.1HAOKE/SHENGDEBIAOZHUN。RANER，GENJUHUAXUEFENXIDEYUANZE，ZHEIYIMUBIAOJIUWUFASHIXIAN。NIEYUANSUDEMOERZHILIANGWEI58.69KE/MOER。ZAIGONGCHENGZHONG，CHENDIANFANYINGSHIXIAOYUMUBIAONONGDUWEI10μmol/ L，YIBANRENWEIYIDADAOFANYINGDEZHONGDIAN。ZAINi2 +DEFANGMIAN，10μmol/ LDEXIANGDANGYU0.586 9HAOKE/ L。

ERGENJURONGDUJIYUANLI，Ni(OH)2DERONGDUJI(Ksp = 2 × 10−15)[7]YURONGJIEDU s(DANWEIWEI mol/L)CUNZAIRUXIAGUANXI：s =(Ksp/4)1/3。YOUCIKEYIJISUANCHU Ni(OH)2DERONGJIEDUWEI 7.9 μmol/L，JIRONGYEZHONG Ni2+DEZHILIANGNONGDUSHI 0.463 6 mg/L。

YINCI，CAIYONGHUAXUECHENDIANFASHIHANNIEFEISHUIDENIELIZIDADAOGB 21900-2008“BIAO2”GUIDINGDE0.5mg/LDEYAOQIU，DANBUKENENGDADAO“BIAO3”0.1mg/LDEYAOQIU，YINWEIDIANDUFEISHUIZHONGDENi2YILUOHEDEXINGSHICUNZAI，NIELIZIDESHIJIHANLIANGGAOYULILUNJISUANZHI[8-9]。

2. 2. 2 LIZIJIAOHUANFA

SHIYONGCHULIDEXIANZHIDIANPINGNIEDIANDUFEISHUISHISHUIJIECHENDIAN0.463 6HAOKE/ L。RUGUOZAIZHILIAODESUIHOUTONGGUOLIZIJIAOHUANDESHENDU，SUOSHULIZIJIAOHUANSHUZHIYONGQING，NALIZIBIANHUAN，XITUO，YINWEITASHINIELIZIDENONGDUFEICHANGDIZAIRONGYEZHONG，NIELIZIKE“MANG”HE“JIACHI”ZAINALIZIDELIANGZAISHUZHIZHONGYOUCENGXIAOYING，DAOZHILIZIJIAOHUANGUOCHENGDESHIBAI。

2.2.3FANSHENTOU(RO)

CAIYONGFANSHENTOUFADUIDIANDUYUANQUDEGONGYEFEISHUIJINXINGLECHULIHEZAILIYONG，ZHUYAODUIFENLIDELUSHUIJINXINGNONGSUOHEZHENGFA，BINGTONGGUOZHENGLIUSHUIDEHUIYONGXINGCHENGHUNHEYANJIEJING，CONGERSHIXIANWEIXIANFEIWUDEZHUANYI。DANGCHANSHUILVWEI70%SHI，YUANSHUIHANYANLIANGBUNENGCHAOGUO1000 mg/L、CODHE100 mg/L，FOUZEFANSHENTOUMOHENKUAIJIUHUISHIXIAO。RANER，DUIYUDIANDUYUANQUDEGONGYEFEISHUI，WEILEMANZUZHEIYISHEJIYAOQIU，BIXUCONGYUANFEISHUIZHONGQUCHUGAI、TIE、LVDENGLIZITI。YINCI，FANSHENTOUFAYEBUJUBEIGONGYEHUASHENGCHANDEJISHUKEXINGXING。

CONGGONGYEDEJIAODULAIKAN，CHANGGUIDEFEISHUICHULIFANGFAYENANYISHIXIAN“LINGPAIFANG”。DANGRAN，SUIZHEKEXUEJISHUDEBUDUANJINBU，RENLEICHUANGZAOGENGXIANJINDEWUSHUICHULIJISHUDEQIANLI。DANZUIZHONGSHANGSHENGDAOXINGYEBIAOZHUNDEJISHU，TABIXUSHIKEKAODE，WENDINGDE，NENGGOUZAIGONGYESHENGCHANJISHUDEDAGUIMOTOUZI，ERBUSHIHAICHUYUTANSUOJISHUSHIYANJIEDUAN，ERZAIGONGYESHENGCHANZHONG，BIXUZAIJINGJISHANGKEXING，HELIDEJISHU，ERBUSHIJINGJIXIAOYIDIDEJISHU。

2.3GERENKONGZHIXIANDUCHAOGUOJIANCEXIANDU。

GB 21900TUIJIANLELIANGZHONGCEDINGSHUIZHIZHONGNIEDEFANGFA：SHUIZHIZHONGNIEDECEDING(GB/T 11910≤，1989NIAN)HEHUOYANYUANZIXISHOUFENGUANGDUFA(GB/T 11912≤，1989NIAN)。CEDINGXIAXIANFENBIEWEI0.25mg/LHE0.2mg/L[10]，BUNENGMANZU0.1mg/LDEYAOQIU。BUTUIJIANDEJIANCEFANGFAYOUGAOCHENGBENDEDIANGANOUHEDENGLIZITIZHIPUFAHEDIANGANOUHEDENGLIZITIFASHEGUANGPUFA(JIANBIAO2)。PUTONGWUSHUICHULIZHANHEHUANJINGBAOHUJIANCEZHANGENBENMEIYOUZHEIYANGDESHEBEI，HENNANCHENGDANXIANGGUANDEJIANCEFEIYONG。

GB 21900-2008BIAOZHUN，BUFENZHIBIAOCHAOGUOLEDADUOSHUHUANJINGSHIYANSHEBEINENGLIDEJIANCEXIAN，BUJUBEISHOUFA“QIANGZHIZHIXING”ZHIFA“YEWU”HEJIANCESHEBEI，“KEYIPANDINGXINGBIE。”ZAIZHEITAIXIANSHIQIJIUHENNANSHIXIAN，ZHEISHIDENGYUBIAOZHUNDEZHIDINGYIYISHANGDESUNSHI。

2.4CHEJIANJISHENGCHANSHESHIPAIFANGKONGZHIBUHELI

GB21900/2008ZAIZONGPAIFANGKOUHECHEJIANHUOSHENGCHANSHESHICHUKOUJUNYOUPAIFANGXIANZHI。ZONGPAIFANGKOUSHIZHIDIANDUYUANQUHUODIANDUQIYEWAIBUHUANJINGDEPAIFANGKOU，BIXUYANGEKONGZHIPAIFANGXIANZHI，GUIDINGDIANDUYUANQUHUODIANDUQIYEDUISHEHUIDEHUANBAOZEREN。RANER，"CHEJIANHUOSHENGCHANSHESHIFEISHUIPAIFANGKOU"DEPAIFANGRONGYEMEIYOUZHIJIEPAIFANG，DANYEXUYAOJINXINGCHULIHEBUFENXUNHUAN。ZHIYOUDANGCHULIDADAOPAIFANGYAOQIUSHI，PAIFANGRONGYECAIHUILIUCHUZONGPAIFANGKOU。YINCI，KONGZHICHEJIANHUOSHENGCHANSHESHIPAIFANGKOUDEWURANWUXIANZHISHIWUYIYIDE，XIANGFAN，BULIYUSHENGCHANGUOCHENGZHONGSHUIDEZAILIYONG，ZHIYUELEFEISHUICHULIGUOCHENGDECHUANGXIN，YEDAILAILEJUDADEBUHELITOURUHEGUANLICHENGBEN。DANGRAN，HAIKEYIKANDAO"CHEJIANHUOSHENGCHANSHESHIFEISHUIPAIFANGKOU"DEJIANCEDIANSHEZHIWEIFANGZHIXISHIPAIFANG[10]。ZHEIKENENGSHIYONGYUDULIDEDIANDUQIYE，DANDUIYUJUYOUJIZHONGSHIFEISHUICHULIDEDIANDUYUANQUXIANRANSHIBUHELIDE。

KENENGDAOZHICONGDANGQIANBIAOZHUN3SHENKEDEYINGXIANG

3.1YAOQIUDEGAOBIAOZHUN，HENNANDADAOKONGZHIWURAN

DANGFEISHUIPAIFANGBIAOZHUNYAOQIUGUOGAO(RUDIANDUFEISHUIZHONGTONGDEPAIFANGJIXIANGAOYUYINYONGSHUIWEISHENGBIAOZHUN)SHI，DIANDUQIYESHENZHIKEYIPAIFANGZILAISHUI，KENENGSHUYUWUSHUIPAIFANGXINGWEI。XIANYOUDIANDUQIYEWULUNSHIFOUDUISHENGCHANFEISHUIJINXINGCHULI，DOUNANYIDADAOGUOJIABIAOZHUN。ZHEIDADATIGAOLEQIYEDESHOUFACHENGBEN，SUNHAILEQIYECHULIGONGYEFEISHUIDEJIJIXING。2017NIANYIQIAN，YIXIEQIYEZHINENGZAIJIANCHADESHIHOUTINGCHAN，BUJIANCHASHIJIAN，ZHAOCHUDICHENGBENDEBANFALAICHACHUGELEIHUANJINGBAOHUBUMENDEJIANCHA。ZHEIYANZHONGWEIBEILEZHIDINGPAIFANGBIAOZHUNDECHUZHONG，JIWURANWUZHILIDEYOUXIAOSHISHIDAILAILEKUNNAN。

3.2BUQIESHIJIDEBIAOZHUN，ZENGJIALEHUANBAODUCHAZHIFABUMENDEKUNNAN

XIANYOUBIAOZHUNYOUXIEZHIBIAOBUJUBEIJISHUKEXINGXINGHEJINGJIKEXINGXING，BINGMEIYOUQIANGZHIZHIXING。RUGUOZHEIXIEBIAOZHUNDESHISHI，JIANGYOUKENENGDAOZHIPOCHANSHOUFAQIYEGUANBI，HUOHUANBAODUCHALIUYUXINGSHI。SUIZHESHIJIANDETUIYI，HUANBAOBUNENGZHENZHENGGUANCHE，WURANXINGYEJIXUGUANBI，WURAN，RANHOUGUANBI，RANHOUWURAN......DENGDENG，WUXIANXUNHUAN，WURANKONGZHI，CONGLAIMEIDEDAOJIEJUE。

3.3DIANDUGONGYIDEGUODUXIANZHIPOHUAIZHENGGECHANYELIAN

WANZHENGDEGONGYEXITONGSHIYOUBUTONGDEXINGYE，BUTONGDEGUOCHENGZHICHIWUZHONG。GUOMINJINGJIDEZHENGCHANGFAZHANBIRANDAILAISHENGHUODEZENGZHANGBILIZHONGGEXINGGEYEDEXIEDIAO。RENWEIDISHIJIAXIANZHIHUOJINZHITEDINGXINGYEHUOSHENGCHANGONGYI，ZHICHENGZHENGGECHANYEDEPOHUAI，TAHENKENENGHUIDAOZHIDUANLIEZHENGGECHANYELIAN，JINERYINGXIANGJINGJIZENGZHANG。TABUNENGWANCHENGHUOSHIXIANBINGCAIYONGXINGYEFAZHANDEBIAOZHUNDEZHIYUE，TONGSHIYEYOUSUNYUKEXUEHEYANSUXINGZAIYIDINGCHENGDUSHANGGUOJIABIAOZHUN。

4 GUANYUXIUDINGXIANXINGBIAOZHUNDEJIANYI

GONGYEFEISHUIPAIFANGBIAOZHUNSHIPANDUANPAIWUQIYESHIFOUWEIFADEZHONGYAOYIJU，SHIGELEIHUANJINGBAOHUFALVFAGUIDEJIBENFALVWENJIAN。YINCI，GB21900BIAOZHUNBIXUANZHAOJISHUKEXINGXING、JINGJIKEXINGXINGHEKEZHIXINGXING(HUOKECAOZUOXING)DEYUANZEJINXINGXIUDING。ZUOZHERENWEI，ZAISHENGTAIHUANJINGBUZHUGUANBUMENDELINGDAOXIA，HUANJINGKEXUEYANJIUYUANYINGZAIXIANGGUANXINGYEXIEHUIDECANYUXIA，SHIJICAOZUO，XINGCHENGZHUANYEBIAOZHUNYANJIUXIAOZU，DUIBIAOZHUNJINXINGXIUDING。WEIBAOZHENGBENBIAOZHUNDEKEXUEXING、GONGYIXINGHEGONGPINGXING，JUJUEZHIJIELIYIDEDANWEIHEQIYECANJIA。

BEIJINGXIANZHIZAIWOMENDEHUANJINGSHUIWURANWU4.1SHIJIDELEJIE

TONGCHANG，HELIU、HUBOHEHAIYANGHEQITADIBIAOSHUIHANYOUMOUXIEWURANWU。ZAIZUIJIASHUIZHIQICELIANGDEWURANWUHANLIANGSHIHELIU、HUBOHEHAIYANGDEBEIJINGZHI。LILUNSHANG，ZHIYAOCHULIHOUGONGYEFEISHUIZHONGWURANWUDEHANLIANGDIYUGAIBEIJINGZHI，JIUBUHUIZAOCHENGHUANJINGWURAN。SUOCHULIDEGONGYEFEISHUIDADAOYINYONGSHUIHUOSHENZHIGAOCHUNDUSHUIDESHUIPINGDEYAOQIUDUIYUSHUBAIWANDUNDETIANRANSHUITILAISHUOSHIWUYIYIDE，BINGQIELANGFEILEJUDADECAIZHENG、RENLIHEWULIZIYUAN。YINCI，BUTONGSHUIHUANJINGXIADEBEIJINGZHIYINGGAIBEIRENWEISHIQUEDINGFEISHUIPAIFANGXIANZHIDEKEXUEYIJU，YINGZUOWEIPANDUANSHIFOUZAOCHENGHUANJINGWURANDEYIJU。WEILEBAOZHENGBEIJINGSHUJUDEZHUNQUEXINGHEKEKAOXING，JIANYI3～5GEHEGEDECESHIJIGOUYINGTONGSHIFABUCESHIBAOGAO。RUGUOCHAYIYANZHONG，KEXUANZEGUOJIZHIMINGDECESHIJIGOUJINXINGZHONGXINCESHI。

4.2KEXUEQUEDINGGONGYEFEISHUIWURANWUKONGZHIXIANZHI

ZAIZHENGGEZAIZUIJIATIAOJIANXIAGUOJIAGEWURANWUDEPAIFANGHEHOUTAISHUJUNENGLIDEJICHUSHANG，KAOLVDAOBUTONGSHENGSHIDESHIJIQINGKUANG，GENJUXIANYOUDEHEKENENGSHIXIANWENDINGKEKAODEGONGYEYINGYONGDIBIAOSHUIDEGUANGFANSHOUJIJINQIWUSHUICHULIJISHUHESHEBEI，JIANKONGSHEBEIHEJIANCEDESHUIPINGNENGLI，HUANJINGJIANCEJIGOU，GEJI，YIJIDABUFENDIANDUQIYEDESHIJICHENGSHOUNENGLIHECHULINENGLI，ANZHAOJISHUKEXINGXING，JINGJIKEXINGXINGHEKESHISHIDEDEWURANWUDEKONGZHIXIANZHIDEYAOQIULAIYANJIUHEQUEDING。

4.3JIEJIANGUOWAIWUSHUIGUANLIHEJIANDUDEXIANJINJINGYAN。

2012NIAN，ZHONGGUOBIAOMIANGONGCHENGXIEHUIZUZHILEYICIDUIMEIGUOHUANJINGBAOHUJUDEFANGWEN，YILEJIEMEIGUODEHUANJINGBAOHUFALVFAGUI。MEIGUOHUANJINGFALVFAGUIDEMUDESHIMINGQUEDE：BAOHURENLEIJIANKANG，BAOHURENLEILAIYISHENGCUNDEHUANJING、KONGQI、SHUIHETUDI。

MEIGUODEHUANJINGZHIFAYAOQIUXINGCHENGWEISHE，RANGWEIFACHENGBENYUANYUANGAOYUSHOUFACHENGBEN，CHUANGZAORENMENXUANZESHOUFAERBUSHIWEIFADELIANGHAOFENWEI。

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